Chemistry-Trip - online Chemistry learning

  Nucleic acids  " biopolymers, or large biomolecules. Intial part for earth living organisums.   Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher discovered in 1869  Types of Nucleic acids Nucleic acids have two main types  deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)..   composed of nucleotides,  Nucleotide are monomer composed made up of three components  a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group   nitrogenous base   Examples of nucleic acids messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA includes the genetic instructions utilized in the development and functioning of known living organisms on earth. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) Their  DNA is in the cell nucleus and some of their DNA is in organelles  E.g. mitochondria or chloroplasts.  Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)  Their DNA is just in the cytoplasm RNA Functions: the amino acid sequences of proteins conversion take place by geneti

  Electrochemistry and Electrochemical cells (high school/ 12grade) Definition: Electrochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry which deals with the study of physical and chemical process which proceed with generation of electrical energy or accomplish by electrical energy. it is accomplished by converting chemical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. Electrochemistry is based on thermodynamics. Applications   of Electrochemistry : Batteries :     produces electrical energy by using chemical reactions. used in toys, flashlights, Electronic Calculators, pacemakers, Tape recorders, and even in the hybrid card. In electrochemical terms considered an oxidation-reduction process. digital watches (mercury/silver-oxide battery) military applications (thermal batteries) Laboratory : Electrical measurements help to monitor chemical reactions of all types, even systems tiny in living cells. Industry : bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and lye(sodium hydroxide used in the manufacturing of so

 Multiple choice questions Chemistry 10 mcqs of chemistry with answers.  basic analytical chemistry 1.On which property gravimetric methid is based on. (a)viscosity (b)boiling point (c)gas volum (d)mass of substances 2. In a sample of matter process of determin amount of component s. (a) volumetric analysis (b) gravimetric analysis (c) qualitative analysis (d) quantitative analysis 3. which methods are chemical in nature? (a) Acid-base titration (b)redox reaction (c) complexometric titration (d) All of abaove method 4. Which methods of analysis is based on diffraction of radiations? (a)mass spectrometry (b) X-ray diffraction (c) polarography (d) potentiometry 5. Which methods are commonly used for separation of liquid component from a mixture? (a) Distillation (b) electrophoresis (c) precipitation (d)solvent extraction 6. which analytical method is based on the rotation of light radiation. (a)Refractrometry (b) polarography (c) polarimetry (d)mass spectroscopy 7.potentiometry is based

  Thermodynamics :       It deals with the study of conversion of heat energy into useful work and voice versa. Outline : Definition -Thermodynamic basics Laws of Thermodynamics  zeroth  1st  2nd  3rd  Introduction : derived from words :  Therm (heat)  dynamic (in motion) Literal meaning of term:           Heat in motion or flow of heat. But it deals with all types of interconversion of energies not only heat and work.  zeroth, First, Second, the third law are used to formalized its findings. zeroth law helps to forego the first law. Energy changes in physical and chemical processes are regulated by these laws. Some Basic thermodynamic concepts and terms. Thermodynamics processes: Isobaric process: when throughout the process pressure remains constant. Isothermal process:  when throughout the process, temperature Remains constant  isochoric process: when throughout the process volume remain constant. Adiabatic process: when there is no flow of heat from surrounding the system and v

  Chemistry Interesting and fun facts:    Photo by pexels                 1. Wasps sting is basic (alkaline) whereas the sting of a bee is acidic. 2.  The water with NaCl will take more time to freeze. 3. At -190c° air covert to liquid form. 4. Gold and Copper are only non-silvery metals in science. 5.Astatine is the rarest element present in the earth's crust. The entire earth contains 28g of the element. 6. Hydrofluoric acid is corrosive. Glass can be dissolved in it. Yet it is considered a weak acid. 7. Glass is a liquid. Interesting!  8. Dry ice is present in the form of carbon dioxide. 9.How ozone layer is formed. It forms during light storms, during thunderstorms free oxygen radicals produce which reforms into ozone.  10. Helium is lighter than air. or air heavier than helium gas. 11. Helium freezes at very high pressure, not at absolute zero. 12.Dihydrogen monoxide !! it is the name of water.

VBT Definition : It explaind that " half filled atomic orbital combine to form new bigger orbitals". Given by heitler and London(1927) "Two orbital form covalent Bond by overlapping" Most important conditions are: The two orbitals which overlap should be Valence orbital Are half filled Retain it's properties For proper alignment, Half filled orbitals should be close to on another. Assumption: covalent Bond formation in hydrogen molecule: It has one partially filled 1st atomic orbital. By linear combination of atomic orbital wave function,the wave function of molecules are obtained. This actually obtain by using resonance. Bond energy is formed by paring of electrons. In between two nuclei ,electron pair is present. The orbitals which overlap must have symmetry and energy.the more storger the overlap the more stronger will be Bond between orbitals. Heitler and London explain that the electrons should be same and their wave function should express their similarit