Nucleic acids Chemistry(MCQs-Assigment questions)

  Nucleic acids 

" biopolymers, or large biomolecules. Intial part for earth living organisums.

  Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher discovered in 1869 

Types of Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids have two main types  deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).. 

•  composed of nucleotides, 
• Nucleotide are monomer composed made up of three components

1.  a 5-carbon sugar
2. a phosphate group 
3.  nitrogenous base

 

Examples of nucleic acids

messenger RNA (mRNA)

transfer RNA (tRNA)

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

DNA

includes the genetic instructions utilized in the development and functioning of known living organisms on earth.

Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists)

Their  DNA is in the cell nucleus and some of their DNA is in organelles

 E.g. mitochondria or chloroplasts. 

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)

 Their DNA is just in the cytoplasm

RNA

Functions:

the amino acid sequences of proteins conversion take place by genetic information from genes.

three universal RNA types:

 Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carrier molecule for amino acids used in protein synthesis., messenger RNA (mRNA): Carry genetic sequence information between DNA and ribosomes

and ribosomal RNA (rRNA):

 ribosome major component

    catalyzes peptide bond formation. 

DNA and RNA composed of four different bases 

  adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).

 A and G are purines

 C, T, and U are categorized as pyrimidines

Structure and functions Of nucleic acids:

Genetic information  is carried by DNA and RNA, Which is readed by the cell to produce RNA and Proteins.

 The double helix structure of DNA helps to copy and pass information to next generation.

Nucleic acids Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.

1.Which is not a pyrimidine base? 

(A)  Guanine(B)Cytosine  (C)  Thymine(D)  Uracil

2.The one which is not a purine base 

(A) Cytosine (B)None of these  (C) Guanine (D) Adenine 

3.RNA involve in synthesis of :

(A) proteins 

(B)Fats 

(C)polysaccarides

(D) nucleic acids

4.The formation of daughter DNA's from parent DNA :

(A) Translation... (B) Transcription 

(C) Reproduction (D) Replication 

5.The process of transfer of genetic message from DNA to m-RNA is:

(A) Replication (B) Translation (C) Tranecription (D) Transference 

6.The binding site on ribosome for t-RNA and m-RNA is provided by 

(A) Polysome (B) Ribosomal RNA (C) Codone (D) DNA 

7. Biological role of nucleic acid does not include

 (A) Genetic continuity (B) Protein synthesis (C) Hybridisation (D) Mutation 

8. basic repeating units of a DNA molecule is

a) nucleoside

b) nucleotide

c) histones

d) amino acidds

answers of mcqs:

1- guanine

2- cytosine

3- protein 

4-Replication

5- transcription 

6- Ribosomal RNA

7- Hybridisation

8-nucleotide

Assignment Questions:

5 elements of nucleic acids?

what are three types of RNA and their role in translation 

Primary structure of RNA and DNA.