Thermodynamics Laws in chemistry
Thermodynamics:
It deals with the study of conversion of heat energy into useful work and voice versa.
Outline:
Definition
-Thermodynamic basics
Laws of Thermodynamics
- zeroth
- 1st
- 2nd
- 3rd
Introduction:
derived from words :
Therm (heat)
dynamic (in motion)
Literal meaning of term:
Heat in motion or flow of heat.
But it deals with all types of interconversion of energies not only heat and work.
zeroth, First, Second, the third law are used to formalized its findings.
zeroth law helps to forego the first law.
Energy changes in physical and chemical processes are regulated by these laws.
Some Basic thermodynamic concepts and terms.
Thermodynamics processes:
Isobaric process: when throughout the process pressure remains constant.
Isothermal process: when throughout the process, temperature Remains constant
isochoric process: when throughout the process volume remain constant.
Adiabatic process: when there is no flow of heat from surrounding the system and vice versa.
Macroscopic properties and macroscopic system:
Macroscopic system:
a system that contains a large number of chemical species
e.g. molecules or ions, atoms
Macroscopic properties:
pressure, density, melting point, etc.
what is zeroth thermodynamic law?
when third body have the same/equal temperature as the two bodiea then In turn they have equality of temperature with each other.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
total mass and energy remain constant in an isolated system.
∆E=Q+P∆V
when,
external pressure is zero
∆E=Q
Second Law of thermodynamics:
there is no feasible process in which the sole outcome is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its exact conversion into work.
Third law of thermodynamics:
the entropy of the perfect crystalline substances may taken as the zero at the absolute zero temperature.
Exercise:
Assignment:
state and explain zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Comment on following statements.
Heat flow direction does not indicated by 1st law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics notes pdf
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